Anarchism

Anarchism is a term used to refer to the political ideology, theory or movement advocating for the abolition of social hierarchy, authority, and government. Anarchism is against the idea of a state, as it considers it to be harmful hierarchy.

Anarchism dates back to prehistory where people lived in anarchic societies before the creation of kingdoms, empires, republics, or states. The rise of social hierarchy in later years caused the anti-hierarchy movement to rise as well. Skepticism towards social hierarchy was a frequent idea but it didn't become a big organized movement in Earth until the 19th century, when Max Stirner's theory of Egoist anarchism arrived to Earth. Stirner's theory was originated in Beto-XG and found spread in the Earth when he arrived to it in 1806.

Anarchism employs various tactics to achieve its ideals and what to do after accomplishing these, which is where most anarchist theories differ from each other. For example, Anarcho-communism argues common ownership of the means of production, while Mutualism argues that both an individual and a collective can hold the means of production, and so on. Anarchism is also split into revolutionary and evolutionary ideas. Revolutionary anarchists believe in bringing down authority via violent means, and evolutionary anarchists believe in prefiguring anarchist society.

Critics of anarchism mention that it is destructive and that it causes a power vacuum, but people who defend it argue that it removes the tyrannical oppression of the state and gives power to the people. Historically, the ideology has been very important in both the planets of Earth and Beto-XG.

Definition
Anarchism isn't exactly a specific ideology, but it is rather a goal or ideal that various ideologies hold (including Anarcho-communism, Anarcho-syndicalism, Mutualism, Anarcho-capitalism, Queer anarchism, Transgender anarchism, Anarcho-primitivism, and Egoist anarchism).

Anarchists believe in opposition to the State and social hierarchy and seek freedom and decentralization. Some anarchists believe in collectivism, others believe in individualism, and others combine the two.

Anarcho-communism
Anarcho-communism believes the liberation of society from the State and the abolition of private property, wage labor, and capitalism. Anarcho-communists believe in the establishment of direct democracy and worker councils and want the workers to own the means of production. It differs from traditional Communism as it doesn't seek to accomplish this society by Socialist tactics, but rather by ending government as a whole without governmental transition.

Anarcho-communism was primarily influenced by the works of Peter Kropotkin, Mikhail Bakunin, and Nestor Makhno. The political ideology gained traction in the late 19th century and in the early 20th century.

Anarcho-syndicalism
Anarcho-syndicalism believes in revolutionary unions as a mean to let the workers own the means of production. The basic principles of Anarcho-syndicalism are solidarity, direct action, and worker's self-management. Anarcho-syndicalists also believe in the abolition of the wage system.

Anarcho-syndicalism was primarily influenced by the works of Buenaventura Durruti (founder of the CNT-FAI), and Noam Chomsky. The political ideology gained traction in the early 20th century.

Mutualism
Mutualism believes in the free market and in occupation and use property norms. It disagrees in the individual receiving an income through loans, and they don't support the ownership of means of production by the workers, but rather believe that the means of production can be owned by an individual or a collective. Mutualism also opposes the socialization of the ownership of capital. It distinguishes itself from right-wing free market capitalist ideas by ensuring workers' rights, such as having the right to the full product of their labor.

Mutualism was primarily influenced by the works Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. The political ideology gained traction in the 19th century.

Anarcho-capitalism
Anarcho-capitalism believes in the elimination of centralized states in favor of self-ownership and private property. Anarcho-capitalism isn't considered by traditional left-wing Anarchists to be actual Anarchism, as they argue that corporations would take the role of the state and oppress people alike. Anarcho-capitalism was primarily influenced by the works of Murray Rothbard and Steven Pinochet

Queer anarchism and Transgender anarchism
Queer anarchism and Transgender anarchism are both current of Anarchist thoughts which believe in the liberation of the Queer and Transgender community, respectively. The ideologies both supported individualism before the EI-Specturm Split, but following said event they have supported collectivism. Both ideologies are supported by Spectrum.

Anarcho-primitivism
Anarcho-primitivism believes in attacking civilization and regressing to non-civilized ways of life through deindustrialization and the abolition of division of labor and abandonment of technology.

Egoist anarchism
Egoist anarchism believes that all actions are inherently in act of self-interest. Egoists reject a pursuit of a great idea and reject the spook, which is understood as a fixed idea that plagues the mind. Egoists believe in individualism and in the abolition of the state, society, morals, ethics. Egoists reject Communism and Capitalism.

Egoism was primarily developed by Max Stirner in the 11st century in Beto-XG. It gained traction in Earth in the 19th century. Many countries advocate for Egoist anarchism but do not practice it, as they believe that they are in a transition from a divided Earth to an egoist Earth.

Anarcho-transhumanism
Anarcho-transhumanism believes in the implementation of social and physical freedom via transhumanist means, meaning it advocates for the development of the physical human condition by bettering human intellect and physiology with technology. Anarcho-transhumanists are against Capitalism.

Related topics

 * Communism
 * Capitalism
 * Spectrum
 * Egoist Internationale